Is It Hay Fever or a Cold?

Managing Hay Fever

Around three million Australian adults, approximately 15% of the population, struggle through spring and summer with symptoms like watery eyes, a runny nose, an itchy throat, and the hallmark hay fever symptom, sneezing. But how can you tell if it’s hay fever or just a common cold?

Understanding the Immune Response

When people with hay fever are exposed to particular pollens, their body mistakenly perceives these harmless particles as a threat, triggering an allergic reaction. This response activates inflammatory cells that quickly release mediators like histamine, which leads to common hay fever symptoms. For some, this reaction also affects the lower airways, making breathing difficult, especially under specific climatic conditions like thunderstorms. In fact, even individuals without a history of asthma may experience asthma attacks during these periods.

Hay Fever or a Cold: Spot the Difference

Since hay fever and colds share many symptoms, it can be tricky to distinguish between the two. Here are a few key differences to help you figure it out:

• Hay Fever Symptoms: Itchy, watery eyes, swelling around the eyes, and clear nasal discharge are common signs of hay fever. These symptoms appear suddenly after exposure to allergens like pollen and typically do not include fever or body aches.

• Cold Symptoms: On the other hand, cold symptoms develop gradually over a few days and may include coughing, a sore throat, fatigue, and sometimes a mild fever. Colds are caused by viral infections, not allergic reactions.

While there is no cure for hay fever, there are effective ways to manage symptoms. The first step is to reduce exposure to allergens by avoiding outdoor activities during high pollen times, washing clothing and bedding frequently, and keeping windows closed on windy days.

Over-the-counter antihistamines, which come in the form of tablets, nasal sprays, and eye drops, can help relieve symptoms. It's important to consult with a GP to determine the most effective treatment for your specific symptoms, especially if your condition is severe or affects your breathing.

Why Hay Fever is Getting Worse

Hay fever can significantly impact daily functioning, making it difficult to concentrate or enjoy activities. The problem seems to be worsening, or at least more people are actively seeking relief. In the ten years leading up to 2010, the wholesale turnover of hay fever medications doubled, reflecting an increased demand for symptom relief.

The Pollen Peaks Across Australia

Grass pollens are the primary outdoor allergen trigger for hay fever in Australia, but the timing and severity of the pollen season vary across the country. According to a study of 17 sites across Australia and New Zealand:

• Melbourne: Typically experiences a short but intense grass pollen season peaking in late spring (October to November).
• Hobart: Grass pollen peaks slightly later, but the overall pollen load is lower.
• Brisbane and Darwin: Both cities have long grass pollen seasons. Brisbane peaks in summer (January to March), while Darwin’s season peaks during the dry season (May and June).
• Adelaide, Sydney, and Canberra: Have their main pollen season in spring but may experience secondary peaks in summer.

Speak to a GP from Home

If you're struggling to manage your hay fever symptoms or are unsure whether you're dealing with hay fever or a cold, it's always a good idea to consult a doctor. Through Our Sage, you can easily connect with experienced GPs from the comfort of your home. Available daily from 7am to 11pm (AEST), our independent GPs can provide advice, prescriptions, referrals, and medical certificates, making it easier to manage your health conveniently.

Hay fever, also known as allergic rhinitis, can significantly impact daily life, but recognising the symptoms and managing exposure to allergens can help. If you're unsure whether your symptoms are due to hay fever or a cold, seeking advice from a GP can provide clarity and relief.